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harriet tubman
- Harriet Tubman was not afraid to
fight for the rights of African-Americans. She was a leader in the Underground
Railroad. Her story is one of dedication and inspiration. During her lifetime
Harriet was honored by many people. In 1897, her bravery even inspired Queen
Victoria to award her a silver medal.
rosa parks
- Parks has been called the "mother of the civil rights movement" and
one of the most important citizens of the 20th century. Mrs. Parks was a seamstress
in Montgomery, Alabama when, in December of 1955, she refused to give up her
seat on a city bus to a white passenger. The bus driver had her arrested.
Rosa Parks was tried and convicted of violating a local ordinance.This pioneer
in the struggle for racial equality is the recipient of innumerable honors,
including the Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolent Peace Prize.
langston
hughes - With the advent of the Harlem renaissance in the 1920's,
this relatively genteel world of American poetry was shaken to its foundations.
Strong black voices, writing with African American rhythms and cadences
broke out all over the country. Of this remarkable creative outpouring, one
voice rose among all of the rest. This was the voice of poet Langston Hughes.
Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902 to a family of abolitionists.
His grandfather was Charles Henry Langston, the brother of John Mercer Langston,
who was the the first Black American to be elected to public office in 1855.
After high school Hughes went on to Columbia University to study engineering
but soon dropped out to pursue his first love, poetry. He never looked back.
martin luther
king - The life of Martin Luther King
Jr. Any number of historic moments
in the civil rights struggle have been used to identify Martin Luther King,
Jr. — prime mover of the Montgomery bus boycott, best known for his "I
have a dream" speech and keynote speaker at the March on Washington,
youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate. But in retrospect, single events
are less important than the fact that King, and his policy of nonviolent
protest, was the dominant force in the civil rights movement during
its decade of greatest achievement, from 1957 to 1968.
malcom x
- Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha,
Nebraska. His mother, Louis Norton Little, was a homemaker occupied
with the family's eight children. His father, Earl Little, was an outspoken
Baptist minister and avid supporter of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey.
Malcom is not included in this collection but was worthy of mention for his
life work.
jackie robinson
- Jackie played his entire professional career with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
He set many league records and is still one of the premier base stealers of
all times. Jackie Robinon's breaking of the color barrier paved
the way for many other African Americans. Jackie
Robinson was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.
civil rights
movement - The Civil Rights Movement was at a peak from 1955-1965. Congress
passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, guaranteeing
basic civil rights for all Americans, regardless of race, after nearly a decade
of nonviolent protests and marches, ranging from the 1955-1956 Montgomery
bus boycott to the student-led sit-ins of the 1960s to the huge March on Washington
in 1963. The Montgomery Bus Boycott, Sit-Ins, The Freedom Rides, Birmingham,
The March on Washington, Mississippi and Freedom Summer, Selma.
harlem renaissance
- Many famous Black Americans were driving forces during the 1920's "Harlem
Renaissance.
george washington
carver - Because of his wonderful work, Carver was offered many
jobs. In 1896 he accepted the invitation of Booker T. Washington to
teach at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. He worked at this famous Black
college for the rest of his life. George
Washington Carverdedicated his
life to helping his people.
colin powell
- Secretary Powell was a professional soldier for 35 years, during which time
he held myriad command and staff positions and rose to the rank of 4-star
General. He was Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from
December 1987 to January 1989. His last assignment, from October 1, 1989 to
September 30, 1993, was as the 12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
the highest military position in the Department of Defense. During this time,
he oversaw 28 crises, including Operation Desert Storm in the victorious 1991
Persian Gulf war.
louis armstrong
- For almost 60 years, Louis Armstrong made music, altering the shape
of jazz in the course of his career. Before his death on July 6, 1971, shortly
after his seventy-first birthday, Louis Armstrong said, "My life
has been my music." and indeed it has been - to the enrichment of us
all.
civil rights
and the civil right movement - the fight for African American rights ignited
by Rosa Parks and followed by many brave Black American Heroes
sojuurner
truth - During the Civil War Sojuurner Truth travelled to Washington
D.C. where she sang and preached to make money for Black Soldiers serving
in the Union army. After the war she continued to preach about women's
rights and the abolition of slavery. Sojourner Truth also
attempted to persuade congress to give former slaves free land in the West.
frederick
douglass - Douglas opened the eyes of many Americans through his
descriptive writings. In 1847 he opened a newspaper called the North Star
in Rochester NY. Frederick Douglas ran the abolitionist paper for 17
years until he became the Secretary of the Santo Domingo Commission - Marshall
of Washington D.C. After retiring from public office he worked hard to end
segregation and teamed up with Mary Church Terrell and Ida
Wells-Tarbell in this noble fight.
duke ellington
- Ellington played before four American Presidents at the White House.
In 1969, Duke Ellington celebrated his sevetieth birthday as a guest
of President Nixon at a swinging birthday party in the East Room of
the White House. He was also awarded the Presidentail Medal of Freedom.
billie holiday
- Billie embodied her songs with a great compassion that seems to be derived
from her tragic life. Billie Holiday sang the blues, loser love songs
and popular jazz ballads of the era with a sense of longing and desperation.
underground
railroad - Refers to the aided exodus and escape of slaves from the South
and the route they travelled to freedom. Harriet Tubman a leader in the Underground
Railroad organized others to secretly assist black families on this dangerous
journey